氢氧化镁有机化改性研究

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯为改性剂改性氢氧化镁,研究了引发体系的选择、复合乳化剂的用量、MMA与Mg(OH)2的用量、反应温度对吸油值的影响。结果表明,以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂、复合乳液用量为1.5 g/L、MMA/Mg(OH)2为7/3~6/4、反应时间为3 h、反应温度为70℃时,改性Mg(OH)2吸油值最小,为31%。并对最佳条件下改性样品进行了扫描电镜表征。     

Fabric electrodes coated with polypyrrole nanorods for flexible supercapacitor application prepared via a reactive self-degraded template

Wearable energy storage devices that can be used in the garment industry are strongly required to power E-textiles. In this article, polypyrrole (PPy) nanorods were deposited on cotton fabrics via in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of the fibrillar complex of FeCl₃ and methyl orange as a reactive self-degraded template. The obtained fabrics could be directly used as supercapacitor electrodes, with a maximum specific capacitance of 325 F g⁻¹ and an energy density of 24.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at a current density of 0.6 mA cm⁻². The capacitance remained higher than 200 F g⁻¹ after 500 cycles.     

Research on thermal risk and decomposition behavior of methyl nitrite

The thermal hazards of methyl nitrite(MN) were investigated in the present study. The determination and evaluation of MN decomposition were conducted using a C600 micro thermometer. The thermal runaway reaction characteristics of the compound under different initial pressures were obtained using a VSP2 calorimeter. The kinetic parameters of MN were obtained by regression fitting and calculation of the microthermal experimental data. The experimental and calculated results demonstrated that the potential explosion risk of MN is very high.In addition, there was a high energy barrier in the early stage of the uncontrolled decomposition of MN; however,once the decomposition reaction was initiated, the subsequent decomposition was easily conducted. Under the conditions of adiabatic simulation, the possibility that the reaction was uncontrolled increases with the initial temperature and pressure of the system, and there is a great potential safety risk.     

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dye using titanium dioxide modified with metal and non-metal deposition

In this study, photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) as an example of organic dye was investigated using different wt% Pd-loaded and N-doped P-25 titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, as example of metal and nonmetal-doped TiO₂, respectively. The Pd-loaded and N-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared by post-incorporation method using K₂PdCl₄ and urea, respectively, as precursors. A variety of surface analysis techniques were used for characterization of surface and functional group while using ultraviolet/visible (UV–vis) analysis for monitoring photocatalytic degradation of MO. Kinetic parameters were obtained using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model to determine the degradation rate constants. It was found that the metal-loaded titanium dioxide degraded MO in water at a higher rate than did non-metal-loaded titanium dioxide fabricated by using the post-synthesis method. Also, the pure P25-TiO₂ degraded MO more than N-doped TiO₂ because of decreased surface area by particle agglomeration after being made by the post-incorporation method.     

Production of Methyl Oleate in Reactive‐Separation Systems

The esterification of oleic acid and methanol using sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst is studied in reactive‐separation systems. The conversion of the free fatty acid was investigated in two different experiments with the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid, amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time as variables. The conversion of the free fatty acid was found to depend strongly on the molar ratio of methanol/oleic acid. The reaction time had a direct effect on the conversion of the free fatty acid, and this conversion decreased with higher temperature. These results were valuable for a preliminary study on biodiesel production, using an acid homogeneous catalyst in a reactive dividing‐wall distillation column.     

Influence of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of the hierarchical TiO2 pinecone-like structure decorated with CdS nanoparticles

Herein, a novel hierarchical TiO₂ pinecone-like structure (TPS) has been successfully fabricated for the first time by self-assembling anodic oxidation methods on the Ti plate. Then it was constructed that a series of CdS-TPS nanocomposites with different cycles CdS modifying by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) after different temperature annealing in air. The structures and properties of the CdS-TPS were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Current-voltage (I-V), ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis/DRS). The results shown that the optical properties of the CdS-TPS could be rationally tailored by adjusting the CdS-modified cycles and annealing temperature, which significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. To be used in photocatalytic organic pollutant removal after optimizing both the CdS modification cycles and annealing temperature. The 15-CdS-TPS-500?°C exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic activities of methyl orange (MO) degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation. With 180?min, 85% of the MO (0.05?mM/L, 5?mL) was photodegraded and its kinetic constant reached to 0.0104?min^?1, which is the 3.0 times and 3.6 times quicker than that of 5-CdS-TPS-500?°C and 15-CdS-TPS-0?°C, respectively. This could be ascribed to the result of the synergy effects of the suitable quantity of CdS nanoparticles modifier, the special surface structure, excellent crystallinity, higher electrical conductivity, and band structure matching. The possible photocatalytic mechanism of the CdS-TPS sample is investigated as well.     

Exploring to direct the reaction pathway for hydrogenation of levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone for future Clean-Energy Vehicles over a magnetic Cu-Ni catalyst

A cheap and magnetic Ni/Cu/Al/Fe catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of LA into GVL catalysts was prepared by sol-gel method. The reaction pathway was systematically studied by examining the reaction conditions, such as reaction pressure, catalyst loadings, water content, and reaction temperature. Higher reaction pressure and catalyst loadings were prior to form HA, then MHV, finally GVL; ML was easily to form with a higher reaction temperature. Water, as a key role, which was in favor to form HA, then MHV, finally GVL; more important, a higher LA conversion could be obtained in methanol as the solvent with some certain content of water. And, it can give a reference for future new clean energy vehicles' application.     

The stability of vitamin A in fortified palm olein during extended storage and thermal treatment

The stability of vitamin A in Refined Bleached Deodorised Palm Olein (RBDPOL) was studied for 24 months. Vitamin A decreased with time, temperature and thermal treatment (frying/cooking). RBDPOL fortification was observed over several temperature ranges, using PET, nylon and HDPE commercial packaging materials. After 24 months, the following vitamin A contents of 39–43 IU g^?1 (39–45%) at 16–20 °C; 35–40 IU g^?1 (43–49%) at 24–29 °C; and 28–39 IU g^?1 (45–73%) at 24–45 °C were detected at the respective temperature ranges. Results showed stability of vitamin A fortified RBDPOL vegetable oil was not stable over typical shelf life (12 months). Depletion of vitamin A accelerated when the RBDPOL vegetable oil was subjected to high temperature thermal treatment.     

Biodiesel production from olive–pomace oil of steam-treated alperujo

Recently interest has been revived in the use of plant-derived waste oils as renewable replacements for fossil diesel fuel. Olive–pomace oil (OPO) extracted from alperujo (by-product of processed olives for olive oil extraction), and produced it in considerable quantities throughout the Mediterranean countries, can be used for biodiesel production. A steam treatment of alperujo is being implemented in OPO extraction industry. This steam treatment improves the solid–liquid separation by centrifugation and facilitates the drying for further extraction of OPO. It has been verified that the steam treatment of this by-product also increases the concentration of OPO in the resulting treated solid, a key factor from an economic point of view. In the present work, crude OPO from steam-treated alperujo was found to be good source for producing biodiesel. Oil enrichment, acidity, biodiesel yield and fatty acid methyl ester composition were evaluated and compared with the results of the untreated samples. Yields and some general physicochemical properties of the quality of biodiesel were also compared to those obtained with other oils commonly used in biodiesel production. As for biodiesel yield no differences were observed. A transesterification process which included two steps was used (acid esterification followed by alkali transesterification). The maximum biodiesel yield was obtained using molar ratio methanol/triglycerides 6:1 in presence of sodium hydroxide at a concentration of 1% (w/w), reaction temperature 60 °C and reaction time 80 min. Under these conditions the process gave yields of about 95%, of the same order as other feedstock using similar production conditions.     

Well-to-Tank environmental analysis of a renewable diesel fuel from vegetable oil through co-processing in a hydrotreatment unit

A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of HidroBioDiésel (HBD) was carried out. This partly renewable diesel fuel is obtained from the co-processing of soybean vegetable oil with conventional fossil fuel in hydrotreating facilities of crude oil refineries. The environmental profile of HBD was assessed for the fossil energy use and climate change impact categories. The production systems of equivalent fuels -blends of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME, a biofuel obtained by means of transesterification of vegetable oil) and mineral diesel with sulphur content below 10 ppm were also assessed for comparison purposes. The environmental performance of HBD systems compares favourably to those of FAME and diesel blends for the selected impact categories. The estimated environmental benefits of HBD (assuming a 13% renewable blend) include reductions of up to 2% in fossil energy use and 9% in climate change impacts.